Various two dimensional (2D) nanosheets of inorganic solids such as graphene, boron nitride, metal oxide, metal chalcogenides can be synthesized by exfoliation of their precursory layered compounds into colloidal single layers, which is triggered by intercalation of bulky organic ions or solvation by organic solvents. The 2D nanosheets can be used as efficient precursors for nanostructured composite materials. Soft chemical synthesis of the re-assembled nanocomposites using the exfoliated 2D nanosheets have extensively studied due to potential applications for energy conversion/storage, optoelectronics, nano-electronics. In this talk, we will present several practical examples of the nanocomposite materials using graphene, bismuth telluride, cobalt oxide, and boron nitride with diverse functionalities such as thermoelectric materials, optoelectronic materials, and structural materials for semiconductor and display manufacturing processes.